Palmed: add results
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2 changed files with 186 additions and 165 deletions
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%%% Macros specific to this figure
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\newcommand{\na}{{\color{gray}N/A}}
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\newcommand{\centerheader}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}}
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% Table-specific
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\newcommand{\figfiverow}[2]{
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-palmed.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-UOPS.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-PMEvo.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-IACA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-LLVM_MCA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-legend.png}
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\end{minipage}
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}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-palmed.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-UOPS.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-PMEvo.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-IACA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-LLVM_MCA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-legend.png}
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\end{minipage}
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}
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\newcommand{\figthreerow}[2]{
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-palmed.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-PMEvo.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-LLVM_MCA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-legend.png}
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\end{minipage}
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}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-palmed.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-PMEvo.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-LLVM_MCA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-legend.png}
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\end{minipage}
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}
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\newcommand{\figthreerowlegend}[2]{
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-palmed.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.12\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmap_legend.svg}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-PMEvo.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.12\linewidth}
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~
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-LLVM_MCA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-legend.png}
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\end{minipage}
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}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-palmed.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.12\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmap_legend.svg}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-PMEvo.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.12\linewidth}
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~
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\end{minipage}\figspacezenmid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.15\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-LLVM_MCA.png}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}
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\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ipc_heatmaps/#2-legend.png}
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\end{minipage}
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}
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\newenvironment{figleftlabel}[1]{
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.02\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.94\linewidth}}
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{\end{minipage}}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.02\linewidth}
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\figrowlegend{#1}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.94\linewidth}}
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{\end{minipage}}
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\newcommand{\figspaceleft}{\hspace{1em}}
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\newcommand{\figspaceright}{\hspace{1em}}
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\newcommand{\figspacemid}{\hfill}
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\newcommand{\figrowlegend}[1]{\rotatebox{90}{\small\textbf{#1}}}
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\newcommand{\figspacerow}
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\newcommand{\tabcoverage}{\centerheader{Cov.}}
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\newcommand{\taberror}{\centerheader{Err.}}
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\newcommand{\tabkendall}{\centerheader{$\tau_K$}}
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\newcommand{\tabcoverageunit}{\centerheader{(\%)}}
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\newcommand{\taberrorunit}{\centerheader{(\%)}}
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\newcommand{\tabkendallunit}{\centerheader{$(1)$}}
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\newcommand{\tabcoverage}{Cov.}
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\newcommand{\taberror}{Err.}
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\newcommand{\tabkendall}{$\tau_K$}
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\newcommand{\tabcoverageunit}{(\%)}
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\newcommand{\taberrorunit}{(\%)}
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\newcommand{\tabkendallunit}{$(1)$}
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\definecolor{tabcovbg}{RGB}{235,255,255}
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\definecolor{taberrbg}{RGB}{255,240,255}
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\definecolor{tabktaubg}{RGB}{239,250,235}
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@ -92,92 +91,97 @@
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\newcolumntype{E}{>{\columncolor{taberrbg}}r}
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\newcolumntype{K}{>{\columncolor{tabktaubg}}r}
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\newcommand{\covrow}{\tabcoverage{} & \tabcoverageunit{}}
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\newcommand{\errrow}{\taberror{} & \taberrorunit{}}
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\newcommand{\taurow}{\tabkendall{} & \tabkendallunit{}}
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%%% Taken directly from Palmed paper
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\begin{figure}
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\begin{subfigure}[c]{\linewidth}
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\centering
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\begin{figleftlabel}{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}~\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{\palmed{}}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{uops.info}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{PMEvo}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{IACA}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{llvm-mca}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}~\end{minipage}
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\end{figleftlabel}
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\centering
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\begin{figleftlabel}{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.03\linewidth}~\end{minipage}\figspaceleft{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{\palmed{}}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{uops.info}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{PMEvo}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{IACA}
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\end{minipage}\figspacemid{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.13\linewidth}
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\figcollegend{llvm-mca}
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\end{minipage}\figspaceright{}
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\begin{minipage}[c]{0.035\linewidth}~\end{minipage}
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\end{figleftlabel}
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\begin{figleftlabel}{SKL-SP}
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\figfiverow{SPEC 17}{spec-W-skx}
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\begin{figleftlabel}{SKL-SP}
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\figfiverow{SPEC 17}{spec-W-skx}
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\figspacerow
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\figspacerow
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\figfiverow{Polybench}{polybench-W-skx}
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\end{figleftlabel}
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\figfiverow{Polybench}{polybench-W-skx}
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\end{figleftlabel}
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\figspacerow{}
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\figspacerow{}
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\begin{figleftlabel}{ZEN1}
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\figthreerow{SPEC 17}{spec-W-zen}
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\begin{figleftlabel}{ZEN1}
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\figthreerow{SPEC 17}{spec-W-zen}
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\figspacerow
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\figspacerow
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\figthreerowlegend{Polybench}{polybench-W-zen}
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\end{figleftlabel}
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\figthreerowlegend{Polybench}{polybench-W-zen}
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\end{figleftlabel}
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\caption{IPC prediction profile heatmaps~--~predictions closer to the
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red line are more accurate. Predicted IPC ratio (Y) against native
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IPC (X)}
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\label{fig:realcpu_heatmap}
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\end{subfigure}
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\vspace{1em}
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\begin{subtable}[c]{\linewidth}
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{
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\centering
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\caption{Translation block coverage (Cov.), root-mean-square error on
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IPC predictions (Err.) and Kendall's tau correlation coefficient
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($\tau_K$) compared to native execution}
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\footnotesize
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%
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Table generated automatically using palmed's `tools/gen_results_table.py`
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% on 2021-08-27 17:22:33.207721
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% by tobast@patate
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\label{tab:realcpu_results}\begin{tabular}{c c | C E K | C E K | C E K | C E K | C E K}
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\toprule
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& & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\palmed} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\uopsinfo} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\pmevo} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\iaca} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\llvmmca}\\
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& & \tabcoverage & \taberror & \tabkendall & \tabcoverage & \taberror & \tabkendall & \tabcoverage & \taberror & \tabkendall & \tabcoverage & \taberror & \tabkendall & \tabcoverage & \taberror & \tabkendall\\
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& Unit & \tabcoverageunit & \taberrorunit & \tabkendallunit & \tabcoverageunit & \taberrorunit & \tabkendallunit & \tabcoverageunit & \taberrorunit & \tabkendallunit & \tabcoverageunit & \taberrorunit & \tabkendallunit & \tabcoverageunit & \taberrorunit & \tabkendallunit\\
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\midrule
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% Generated from /home/tobast/src/palmed/results/data/scw-skx.2021-08-26.benchs.spec17
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\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{SKL-SP}} & \textbf{SPEC2017} & \na & 7.8 & 0.90 & 99.9 & 40.3 & 0.71 & 71.3 & 28.1 & 0.47 & 100.0 & 8.7 & 0.80 & 96.8 & 20.1 & 0.73\\
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% Generated from /home/tobast/src/palmed/results/data/scw-skx.2021-08-26.benchs.polybench
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& \textbf{Polybench} & \na & 24.4 & 0.78 & 100.0 & 68.1 & 0.29 & 66.8 & 46.7 & 0.14 & 100.0 & 15.1 & 0.67 & 99.5 & 15.3 & 0.65\\
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% Generated from /home/tobast/src/palmed/results/data/scw-zen.2021-08-24.benchs.spec17
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\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{ZEN1}} & \textbf{SPEC2017} & \na & 29.9 & 0.68 & \na & \na & \na & 71.3 & 36.5 & 0.43 & \na & \na & \na & 96.8 & 33.4 & 0.75\\
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% Generated from /home/tobast/src/palmed/results/data/scw-zen.2021-08-24.benchs.polybench
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& \textbf{Polybench} & \na & 32.6 & 0.46 & \na & \na & \na & 66.8 & 38.5 & 0.11 & \na & \na & \na & 99.5 & 28.6 & 0.40\\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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% End automatically generated table
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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}
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\end{subtable}
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\caption{Accuracy of IPC predictions compared to native execution of
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\palmed{} versus uops.info, PMEvo, IACA and llvm-mca on SPEC CPU2017 and
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PolyBench/C 4.2}\label{fig:palmed_results}
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\begin{figleftlabel}{A72 (ARM)}
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\todo{PLOTS}
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\end{figleftlabel}
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\caption{IPC prediction profile heatmaps~--~predictions closer to the
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red line are more accurate. Predicted IPC ratio (Y) against native
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IPC (X)}
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\label{fig:palmed_heatmaps}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{table}
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{l l c r r r r}
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\toprule
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& & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{SKL-SP} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{ZEN1} \\
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& & & \centerheader{SPEC2017} & \centerheader{Polybench} &
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\centerheader{SPEC2017} & \centerheader{Polybench} \\
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\midrule
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\multirow{3}{*}{\palmed}
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& \covrow{} & \na{}{} & \na{} & \na{} & \na{} \\
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& \errrow{} & 7.8 & 24.4 & 29.9 & 32.6 \\
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& \taurow{} & 0.90 & 0.78 & 0.68 & 0.46 \\
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\midrule{}
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\multirow{3}{*}{\uopsinfo}
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& \covrow{} & 99.9 & 100.0 & \na{} & \na{} \\
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& \errrow{} & 40.3 & 68.1 & \na{} & \na{} \\
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& \taurow{} & 0.71 & 0.29 & \na{} & \na{} \\
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\midrule{}
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\multirow{3}{*}{\pmevo}
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& \covrow{} & 71.3 & 66.8 & 71.3 & 66.8 \\
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& \errrow{} & 28.1 & 46.7 & 36.5 & 38.5 \\
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& \taurow{} & 0.47 & 0.14 & 0.43 & 0.11 \\
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\midrule{}
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\multirow{3}{*}{\iaca}
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& \covrow{} & 100.0 & 100.0 & \na{} & \na{} \\
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& \errrow{} & 8.7 & 15.1 & \na{} & \na{} \\
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& \taurow{} & 0.80 & 0.67 & \na{} & \na{} \\
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\midrule{}
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\multirow{3}{*}{\llvmmca}
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& \covrow{} & 96.8 & 99.5 & 96.8 & 99.5 \\
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& \errrow{} & 20.1 & 15.3 & 33.4 & 28.6 \\
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& \taurow{} & 0.73 & 0.65 & 0.75 & 0.40 \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\todo{A72}
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\caption{Accuracy of IPC predictions compared to \pipedream{}-based native
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executions on SPEC 2017 and Polybench}\label{table:palmed_eval}
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\end{table}
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@ -52,14 +52,20 @@ In the case of SPEC, there is no clear kernel available for each benchmark;
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extracting basic blocks to evaluate \palmed{} is not trivial. We manually
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extract the relevant basic blocks using a profiling-based approach with Linux
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\perf{}, as the \qemu{}-based solution used for Polybench would be too costly
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for SPEC\@. We automatize and describe this method in detail later in
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\qtodo{ref}.
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for SPEC\@.
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\bigskip{}
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Altogether, this method generates, for x86-64 processors, 13\,778 SPEC-based
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and 2\,664 polybench-based basic blocks.
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\medskip{}
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We automate and describe in detail the \perf{}-based method later in
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\qtodo{ref}; however, this automation allows us to also extract basic blocks
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from these same benchmark suites, compiled for ARMv8a.
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\subsection{Evaluation harness}
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|
||||
We implement into \palmed{} an evaluation harness to evaluate it both against
|
||||
|
|
@ -103,20 +109,6 @@ To evaluate \palmed{}, the same kernel is run:
|
|||
The raw results are saved (as a Python \pymodule{pickle} file) for reuse and
|
||||
archival.
|
||||
|
||||
\medskip{}
|
||||
|
||||
The evaluation is run on two different machines:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item{} an Intel \texttt{SKL-SP}-based machine, with two Intel Xeon Silver
|
||||
4114 CPU, totalling 20 cores;
|
||||
\item{} an AMD \texttt{ZEN1}-based machine, with a single AMD EPYC 7401P
|
||||
CPU with 24 cores.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
As \iaca{} only supports Intel CPUs, and \uopsinfo{} gives only very rough
|
||||
information for \texttt{ZEN} architectures ---~without port mapping~---, these
|
||||
two tools were not tested on the \texttt{ZEN1} machine.
|
||||
|
||||
\subsection{Metrics extracted}
|
||||
|
||||
As \palmed{} internally works with Instructions Per Cycle (IPC) metrics, and as
|
||||
|
|
@ -173,4 +165,29 @@ instructions found in the original basic blocks.
|
|||
|
||||
\subsection{Results}
|
||||
|
||||
We run the evaluation harness on three different machines:
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item{} an x86-64 Intel \texttt{SKL-SP}-based machine, with two Intel Xeon Silver
|
||||
4114 CPU, totalling 20 cores;
|
||||
\item{} an x86-64 AMD \texttt{ZEN1}-based machine, with a single AMD EPYC 7401P
|
||||
CPU with 24 cores;
|
||||
\item{} an ARMv8a Raspberry Pi 4 with 4 Cortex A72 cores.
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
As \iaca{} only supports Intel CPUs, and \uopsinfo{} only supports x86-64
|
||||
machines and gives only very rough
|
||||
information for \texttt{ZEN} architectures ---~without port mapping~---, these
|
||||
two tools were only tested on the \texttt{SKL-SP} machine.
|
||||
|
||||
\medskip{}
|
||||
|
||||
The evaluation metrics for all three architecture and all five tools are
|
||||
presented in \autoref{table:palmed_eval}. We further represent IPC prediction
|
||||
accuracy as heatmaps in \autoref{fig:palmed_heatmaps}. A dark area at
|
||||
coordinate $(x, y)$ means that the selected tool has a prediction accuracy of
|
||||
$y$ for a significant number of microkernels with a measured IPC of $x$. The
|
||||
closer a prediction is to the red horizontal line, the more accurate it is.
|
||||
|
||||
These results are analyzed in the full article~\cite{palmed}.
|
||||
|
||||
\input{40-1_results_fig.tex}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue